Infant Brain Damage

The IMPACT OF DAMAGES TO THE PARTIES OF THE BRAIN ON A PROCESS OF MENTAL AND BEHAVIOR

Summarized

The brain, the vital component of the central nervous system (CNS), affect a person "the mental process" that can be increased to include the behavior, think, the erudition, the personality, and the psychological aspects of the spirit. The causes as extended hypoxia (the oxygen lack), poison, the infection, and the neurological disease takes to the cerebral shed lesions while physical traumatism (the injury of traumatic brain), the blow, aneurysm or the neurological disease takes to the cerebral localized lesions. The evaluation of range of injury of brain is done by the neurological examination, neuroimaging, and the techniques of evaluation of neuropsychological as the imagery of magnetic resonance (the MRI), the magnetic functional resonance imagery (FMRI), the calculated tomographie (CT), the tomographie of transmission of positron (the FAVORITE ANIMAL), the transmission of only photon calculated the tomographie (SPECT) etc ("the cerebral lesions," n.d.). Certain of the impacts on the process duty in metal to damage on the part of brains as the spinal Bulb, the formation of Reticular, the Cerebellum, the Hypothalamus, Tonsil and Hippocampe were discussed in the item to the under.

Spinal bulb

The spinal bulb or the moelle, uses a relay station transmitting the nerve signals between the brain and the vertebral rope. It checks autonomous functions as the breathing, the heart rate, the downhill, vomit, defecation, micturition etc. A person suffering from the damages to the spinal bulb is considered to be the dead brain or in a persistent vegetable state (when the body depends on a fan or other equipment of support). Depend on the nature of the damages, the person can resume or can die after this life support is removed. Smith (n.d.)

Reticular Formation

The formation of reticular is a complete network of fibers of nerve localized in the central sector of the stem of brain. Certain of the vital functions executed by him include the capacity to obtain recuperation sleep, sexual excitement, and the capacity to set up itself on the tasks without easily is misled. The damage effects to the formation of reticular include a sensation of constant one of fatigue, the model of disturbed sleep and the check lack on the insomnia taking a person to a coma state. It shows also to a negative impact on a capacity of the person to concentrate, just like sexual excitement.

Cerebellum

The cerebellum or the small brain is only 10% of the weight of the brain, but contains as much neurones as all the remainder of the combined brain. It integrates visual, auditory, vestibulaire, and the news of somatosensory received various chains. This integrated the news are modified to promote the movement coordination, the balance and the balance and the muscle motor voluntary tones. The data of the studies clinics and functional indicate that the cerebellum regulates also the processes of memory (arriada-mendicoa, otero-siliceo &the amplifier; the Crown-Va¡zquez, 1999). The damages to the cerebellum take to the multiple effects as:

1) the loss of coordination of movement motor (asynergia)

2) the inability to judge the distance and when to stop (dysmetria)

3) the inability to execute quick to alternate the movements (adiadochokinesia)

4) the movement tremblings (the intention trembling)

5) staggering, the wide based walk (the ataxic gait)

6) the tendency towards to fall

7) the weak muscles (hypotonia)

8) denigrated the speech (ataxic dysarthria)

9) the abnormal movements of eye (nystagmus) (the "Cerebellum", n.d.)

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus forms a link criticizes between the autonomous nervous system and the endocrine system. The primary function of hypothalamus is homeostasis c. -a -d. : Now tension, the body temperature, the balance of liquid and edlectrolyte, and the body weight to a value specifies called the bullet of set. It maintains the four basic biological needs or four francs of survival: fighter, flee, nourish, and the reproduction. The damages to the taken one of food of influences of hypothalamus, the weight regulation, thirst, the body heat, the balance, the sleep cycle, the response to bother, the pleasure levels, the sexual satisfaction, anger and the aggressive behavior. His harmful effect on the autonomous nervous system is seen when homeostasis is disturbed.

Tonsil

The tonsil is a part of the system of limbic (also referred itself to as the emotional brain) and is found buried in the brain. It is connected to the cortex of hypothalamus and prefrontal influencing the emotional sensations and the responses physiologiques linked to the certain positions as those that warns pain or the other unpleasant consequences or means the food presence, water, the salt, the friends of potential or the rivals, or the babies in the care need. The tonsil stimulation in the humans principally fear of causes and the responses fears secured take to a rate of increased heart and to student expansion. The tonsil of male is a little bigger than that of the female one. The tonsil stimulation will produce the erection of penile, the sexual sensation (thirst), representations or the memories of relations and the orgasme including his important role in the pregnancy in case of the women. It has also the capacity to reply to the emotional stimuli transmitted by the sound, or by the face expression. Damage to the tonsil hampers the autonomous responses and take also the decrease of the capacity to learn from new emotions just like to react with appropriate in different positions. Because of this, the patient does not recognize a dangerous position.

Hippocampe

The hippocampe, a somewhere else system of limbic, is associated with the memory in the long term and spatial navigation. In the case of disease of Alzheimer, the hippocampe is one of the first regions of the brain to undergo damages, takes to the memory problems. The people with the damages of vast hippocampal can test amnesia - the inability to form or keep new memories. The hippocampe uses a "carries" of memory by that the new memories must pass before to enter the permanent emmagasinage in the brain. Thus the people with the damages to the hippocampe can recall the passed distant but cannot form new memories (Catherine, 2006).

References

1) Arriada-mendicoa, N., otero-siliceo, E., &the amplifier; the Crown-Va¡zquez, T. (1999). The current concepts as for the cerebellum and the knowledge. Rev Neurol, 29(11), 1075-82.

2) cerebral lesions. (N.d.). In The science Daily. Retrieved October 8, 2009, of http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/b/brain_damage.htm

3) Catherine, E. (2006). Loss of memory and the Brain. Retrieved October 8, 2009, of http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/hippocampus.html

4) Cerebellum. (N.d.). Retrieved October 8,2009, of http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/bcerebel.shtml

5) Smith, S. (n.d.). Which is the spinal bulb? Retrieved http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-medulla-oblongata.htm